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Character Motivation

Every episode covering Character Motivation.


"Usually the character wants what everyone wants, which is to look good, to seem good, to be loved."

— Mel Killingsworth  |  DZ-109: Talking DIRECTLY to your audience

Start here

DZ-55: Character Motivations 1

What to do when a reader says "I don't buy that he/she would do that"?
AIThe episode’s central focus is understanding how to construct motivations that feel earned enough for audiences to believe a character’s decision, especially at key structural moments.
⏱ 2h 18m
15 JAN 2019
Listen if you're writing a scene where your character does something 'out of character' and your readers to buy it.
More Info
Chas & Stu look at examples of good character motivation. We’ve all watched movies where we don’t believe the motivation of a character or characters. We may have even written scripts where readers don’t buy the character’s choices. And that’s often a real problem because most of these choices coincide with key structural moments — e.g. the moments where the characters decide to do something “out of character” in order to progress to the next part of the story. To help us solve the problem of how to improve our character motivations, in this episode we explore great examples of character motivation and how they have helped the audience believe a character’s decision…


DZ-56: Character Motivations 2

Workshopping ways to fix character motivations.
AIThe entire episode centers on diagnosing and fixing moments where character decisions feel unmotivated, using specific examples from films like INFINITY WAR and SICARIO 2 to show what breaks belief.
⏱ 2h 16m
30 MAR 2019
Listen if you want to understand how character decisions can break a screenplay and how to fix them
More Info
In this second part of their exploration of character motivations, Chas and Stu dive into what makes “BAD” screenplays NOT work. They examine at moments where they (and maybe you, dear listeners) did not believe a key decision being made by a character and so were taken out of the movie. In a departure from the Draft Zero format, they apply the tools they developed in Part 1 to workshop potential fixes to these beats…



KEY IDEAS

The Wound Behind the Motivation

"To me, the pilot specifically is really setting up that he may be a good person and be incapable of actioning that because of how damaged he is by losing his wife. And how he lost his wife is a big part of why he's broken the way that he is broken."

— Mel Killingsworth (00:58:04) · DZ-127: Secrets and Clues 2 - The Cost of Revelation

Character Knowledge and Narrative Plotting

"The voiceover.. is coming from the middle of the film. So Judd the Narrator has more information than the Judd we're seeing and experiencing it with... Which actually makes the plotting somewhat more difficult because he's acting on knowledge that without the knowledge that future Judd has - so it's coloured for us."

— Stu Willis (00:54:47) · DZ-126: Secrets and Clues

Stakes Differ: Push Versus Pull

"When a character is being pushed... a lot of the stakes can be external. But when they're being pulled, you're going to have to work a lot harder on the stakes because they want the information and there's going to have to be much more cost to that journey."

— Chas Fisher (00:18:40) · DZ-126: Secrets and Clues

Secrets as Plot Architecture

"If you're writing something that's *not a mystery*: how does thinking about secrets and clues from your character's perspective help you... build plot?"

— Stu Willis (00:12:23) · DZ-126: Secrets and Clues

Stupid Choices For Understandable Reasons

"and all these all every single one of these films has someone doing something that we know is incredibly stupid but for understandable reasons and they all contextualize it different ways"

— Mel Killingsworth (00:12:10) · DZ-124: Making the Despicable Compelling

Voiceover As Motivation Gateway

"And like one of the most important bits of voiceover where like voiceover, we've got whole episodes on voiceover. Go and look at that. But it gives you that access to a character's motivation such that you will jump over hurdles, what might otherwise be narrative hurdles."

— Chas Fisher (00:10:50) · DZ-124: Making the Despicable Compelling

The Work You Skip With Known Transgressions

"Because they've told you that the transgression already happened, You don't need to carry the audience along with a pure introduction into this character. That first decision to do wrong, you don't have to put the work in, in terms of backstory or given circumstances."

— Chas Fisher (00:31:28) · DZ-123: Flawed Characters in Noir

The Save-Survive-Save Character Arc

"There is a related idea... which is: **Save. Survive. Save.** All which are goals for your characters."

— Stu Willis (00:01:10) · DZ-122: Escalating Antagonism Across Genres

Survive, Solve, Save: Understanding Stakes

"Survive. Solve. Save. We're really talking about stakes, right?."

— Stu Willis (00:18:15) · DZ-121: Escalating Antagonism in SINNERS

Surive. Solve. Save.

"Yo want them to have something to survive. Something to solve. And then someone to save."

— Stu Willis (00:17:30) · DZ-121: Escalating Antagonism in SINNERS

Subtext Is Tactics and Fear

"It's just tactics and fear. It is how are you trying to get what you want and what are you afraid of revealing?"

— Tom Vaughn (00:05:27) · DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

Character Intent and Expression Align

"There is no subtext from a character perspective. They are doing exactly and saying exactly what they mean and want. There's zero subtext from a character perspective."

— Chas Fisher (00:13:34) · DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

Revealing Truth Through Tactical Necessity

"What are you trying to achieve? What is their tactic in revealing the truth of themselves? What is it they want that they've been left with no other recourse other than to reveal the truth of themselves?"

— Chas Fisher (00:07:35) · DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

Fear As Hidden Subtext

"So much of subtext is your fear, you know, of like what you don't reveal. And so like because we tend to think in terms of tactics as what you want."

— Tom Vaughn (01:44:12) · DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

Mental Preparation as Creative Tool

"It will be part of my toolkit. It will be the kind of thing I listen to in the car driving to set, you know, just to kind of get my brain firing."

— Stu Willis (01:34:49) · DZ-108: The Emotional Event with Judith Weston



Even More

DZ-127: Secrets and Clues 2 - The Cost of Revelation

What does it cost a character to find something out, or to say it?
AIChas identifies a gap between what Dr. Banks thinks he knows about Emily versus what he actually knows, showing how misreading a character’s motivation can drive a whole half of the film.
⏱ 1h 51m
27 MAY 2026
Listen to learn the emotional impact of revealing secrets vs discovering them.
More Info
In this episode Stu, Chas and Mel apply the Landmark–Hidden–Secret framework (from DZ-126) across two very different genres: the thriller SIDE EFFECTS (2013) and the tragicomic pilot of SHRINKING…


Shows: Shrinking

DZ-126: Secrets and Clues

How can Secrets and Clues motivate characters?
AIStu, Chas, and Mel break down how Benoit Blanc is pulled through the story by his need to solve the case while Father Judd is pushed through against his will to prove innocence--two distinct motivation engines for dual protagonists.
⏱ 1h 28m
30 APR 2026
Listen if you want to understand how hidden information drives character motivation and plot structure!
More Info
“Getting information puts your character in danger. And danger rewards your character with information." — One of three ideas we steal from game design in this episode. In this two part series, we talk about how secrets, clues and hidden information motivate characters and may (or may not) help you plot from a character perspective. Part One (this episode) looks at WAKE UP DEAD MAN; while Part Two looks at SIDE EFFECTS, and the pilot episode of SHRINKING…


DZ-124: Making the Despicable Compelling

How does Film Noir show us terrible people doing terrible things without endorsing it?
AIThe episode isolates voiceover and given circumstances as tools that contextualize why characters make incredibly stupid or morally grey choices for understandable reasons.
⏱ 1h 10m
30 JAN 2026
Listen if you need audiences to root for characters who do terrible things
More Info

DZ-123: Flawed Characters in Noir

What can Film Noir teach us about character arcs and audience engagement?
AINeff’s motivation to help Phyllis boils down to ‘I would like to sleep with you,’ and Mel emphasizes he’s ‘just lying to himself’ about the nobler justifications he constructs for the murder.
⏱ 1h 22m
31 DEC 2025
Listen if you want to write morally compromised characters without endorsing their choices.
More Info
In this two part series, Mel and Chas use Noir (the genre) as a lens to interrogate flawed characters. How can characters doing reprehensible things still engage audiences? How can you ensure representation isn’t endorsement? And whether these characters undergo transformative arcs, or simply reveal their true natures…


DZ-122: Escalating Antagonism Across Genres

How can you apply horror ideas to action and comedy?
AIChas identifies how Greg’s insecurity drives his bad decisions in MEET THE PARENTS, and Stu traces Terry’s motivation in REBEL RIDGE from saving his cousin to confronting systemic corruption--showing how TOMBS clarifies what characters actually want at each stage.
⏱ 1h 44m
1 OCT 2025
Listen to learn how thinking of your hero as the horror (for your villains) makes your script dynamic.
More Info
In this episode Chas, Stu and guest Kim Ho continue their exploration into the power(s) of antagonism and how focusing on them can develop story…


DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

How do character goals, tactics, and fears create subtext automatically?
AIChas, Stu, and Tom dissect how character goals and the tactics characters deploy to achieve them--what they want and how they’re trying to get it--create the scaffolding for everything else in a scene.
⏱ 1h 54m
1 AUG 2025
Listen if you're struggling to write subtext without it feeling forced!
More Info
Or, how focusing on good drama will result in good subtext. We often hear how subtext is important for good screenwriting. We’re here to tell you it isn’t. Good subtext is a result of good drama, and your focus should be on creating that good drama. But how…


DZ-114: Climaxes in CHALLENGERS

How does ending your story on the climax affect audience experience?
AIThe discussion hinges on moments where what’s on the page doesn’t match what’s on screen, creating a gap between stated and obscured motivation that becomes thematically significant.
⏱ 1h 17m
29 NOV 2024
Listen to understand how withholding resolution can make your story great!
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While Stu is on show, Mel and Chas sit down to analyse the meaning behind the ending of 2024’s CHALLENGERS, especially when - upon reading the script - the most impactful moment of the ending on screen (for Chas in particular) is not written on the page…


DZ-112: Breaking the 4th wall

How is the effect of breaking the 4th wall different to voiceover?
AIRather than assume characters break the fourth wall to confess, Mel argues that Fleabag speaks to understand and explain herself, working out what she wants or needs in that moment, which reframes the device as a window into motive rather than mere exposition.
⏱ 1h 52m
31 JUL 2024
Listen to understand how breaking the 4th wall directly involves the audience in a character's emotional present.
More Info
As part of our series on how filmmakers can directly communicate to the audience, we finally examine the most blatant tool of them all: when character look directly down the barrel of the camera… and thus look directly at us, the viewer. Chas, Stu and Mel take the craft tools/levers they identified in previous episodes and use them to examine the tv-version-of HIGH FIDELITY (“Top Five Breakups”), ABBOTT ELEMENTARY (“Attack Ad)”) and - of course - FLEABAG…



DZ-110: Voiceover

How can you use voiceover without it feeling like a cheat?
AIVoiceover becomes a tool for exposing what characters actually want beneath the surface, and Mel identifies how the timing of that voice determines whether we trust the narrator’s interior truth.
⏱ 1h 41m
31 MAY 2024
Listen to explore how voiceover can set tone, reveal character, enhance empathy, and create tension.
More Info

DZ-109: Talking DIRECTLY to your audience

What are the different ways a filmmaker can ask something of the audience?
AIMel and Stu repeatedly return to the dramatic purpose driving communication: what does the speaker want from the audience, and how does that differ when they’re aware they’re being listened to?
⏱ 1h 20m
1 MAY 2024
Listen if you've wondered what a character actually wants when they're talking directly to the audience!?
More Info

DZ-84: Choices & Decisions 1 - Booksmart

What is the difference between choice and decision when it comes to characters?
AIThe episode examines how dramatising the considered decision itself--the knowing part between choice and consequence--reveals what’s actually driving your character’s actions.
⏱ 1h 12m
30 OCT 2021
Listen how the separation of choice, decision, and consequence (for a character) creates emotional impact.
More Info
In order to better understand dramatising of character, Chas and Stu take a very draft zero look at very specific tool: choices and decisions. We analyse three films through the decisions made by their characters. In particular, how the audience understanding of: the choice available, the considered decision itself, and the consequence changes how we feel about these characters. And how separating those three things can create different emotional effects on your audience…


Shows: Fleabag

DZ-66: The Mandalorian and The Rise of Skywalker - Audience Knowledge vs Character Motivation

How does audience knowledge affect your character's motivations?
AIThe episode’s central question asks how audience knowledge affects character motivations, making this the core craft lens for examining Poe, Rey, Kylo, and Palpatine across these serialized stories.
⏱ 1h 45m
17 MAR 2020
Listen to understand how fan service weaponizes external knowledge against character logic.
More Info
By Order 66: Chas and Stu are joined by special guest - filmmaker Mel Killingsworth - to talk all things Star Wars. Well. Focusing on The Mandalorian and The Rise of Skywalker and wherever else our tangents take us…


DZ-65: Collaborating with a Director - The Snip

HOw does a writer work with a director (on a short film?)
AIThe short’s premise hinges on a protagonist making a major life decision without telling his wife, and Chas and Ben examine what drives that choice and how it sets the emotional stakes.
⏱ 1h 3m
14 FEB 2020
Listen if you are thinking of producing your own short film!
More Info
This episode, Chas steps down as co-host (kinda) and is interviewed by Stu as a guest, alongside director Ben Mizzi, about the short rom-com that Chas wrote and Ben directed & produced. The episode covers taking an idea from pitch to screen, working with a director, directing performance on the page, and marketing and distribution strategies for short films…

DZ-50: Antagonists! 2 - vs Self

How can characters be their own antagonist?
AILITTLE MISS SUNSHINE, SHAME, and MONSTER all feature protagonists whose motivations are fundamentally at odds with themselves, which Chas and Stu use to illuminate how self-antagonism functions.
⏱ 1h 47m
19 APR 2018
Listen if you want to understand how protagonists can serve as their own antagonist and how antagonistic forces shape a character's journey
More Info
In Part Two of our Five Part Epic Exploration™ into antagonists, Chas & Stu take a look at “vs self” stories. Stories where the protagonist (or main character) serves as their own antagonist as well as the antagonist for those around them…


DZ-49: Antagonists! 1 - vs Humans

What makes a strong human antagonist?
AIUnderstanding what drives an antagonist to oppose your protagonist is central to the episode, as the hosts examine why figures like Hans Gruber and Annie Wilkes do what they do.
⏱ 1h 20m
31 MAR 2018
Listen if you want to understand how to craft compelling antagonists who oppose your protagonist through direct human conflict
More Info
Prompted by a listener (and patron of the podcast) question, Stu and Chas dive into antagonistic forces. And because Draft Zero does not do anything by halves, this is Part One of a Five Part Epic Exploration™ into antagonists; namely: vs humans, vs self, vs nature/supernatural, vs systems and “other”. aka the classic narrative conflicts…


DZ-44: Marvel - First Acts and Establishing Characters

How can your first act effectively establish your character journey?
AIUnderstanding how wounds and flaws drive character motivation is central to the episode’s argument about why MCU first acts work--the character’s damage becomes the engine of their story.
⏱ 2h 7m
17 SEP 2017
Listen if your first act exposition feels clunky--the MCU has a schema for burying backstory inside character introductions.
More Info
First Acts are hard. They have to set so much in motion, especially setting up characters. To help them understand how to write effective first acts better, Stu and Chas turn their analytical gaze to a franchise that has been refining and reiterating its first act “schema” for over a decade... THE MARVEL CINEMATIC UNIVERSE…


DZ-40: Tactics and Scenes

How do tactics make your characters and scenes more dynamic?
AIUnderstanding what characters want in a scene and how they try to get it exposes their motivational logic and reveals who they are under pressure.
⏱ 2h 15m
4 FEB 2017
Listen to learn how a character's tactics reveal who they are under pressure--and how their changing tactics reveals their growth.
More Info
In this episode, Stu and Chas turn their gaze to the “tactics” that characters use in scenes to get what they want. Tactics are how the characters try to achieve their goals and (we reckon) can be revealing of the essence of their character. The shifting and thwarting of tactics can make scenes more dynamic; while over the course of a story, the changing of tactics can reflect the growth of characters... even if their goal stays the same…


DZ-37: Excelling at Exposition (Part 1)

How can you successfully integrate exposition into your story?
AIUnderstanding why characters act provides a natural vehicle for exposition, and Stu and Chas use real scenes to show how character desires and backstories can justify why information gets revealed when it does.
⏱ 1h 46m
23 NOV 2016
Listen if your exposition scenes feel like information dumps disguised as dialogue.
More Info
In Draft Zero’s first two part episode, Stu & Chas take an in-depth look at one of screenwriting’s most common challenges: EXPOSITION. For many stories there are pre-existing facts that need to be communicated to the audience — whether those facts be about the rules of the world, the nature of a location, character motivations, character backstories or just character names. So how have great writers made exposition move the story forward, rather than stopping it to tell the audience stuff they need to know…


DZ-22: Romantic Comedy, Actually

How can studying RomCom clichés teach us to subvert them?
AIThe deep analysis of films like When Harry Met Sally and 500 Days of Summer reveals how character desire drives the romantic comedy forward and keeps audiences invested.
⏱ 1h 40m
11 JUN 2015
Listen if you're writing a romcom and want to understand what makes this gentre tick.
More Info
With Stu busy working on Hollywood blockbusters, Chas is joined by Alli Parker (script department on Aussie TV series and former co-ordinator of European #scriptchat) to unpick successful romcoms to see if they can illuminate a path for writers working in this struggling genre. Cheap to produce and potentially highly lucrative, Chas and Alli look at RomCom’s conventions to see what it may take to reinvigorate this genre…


DZ-14: Writing For Actors with Succession's Sarah Snook

How can we make our screenwriting more appealing to Actors?
AIThe episode examines character spines and objectives through scenes from August: Osage County, showing how Tracy Letts writes characters with clear and compelling inner drives.
⏱ 1h 16m
22 OCT 2014
Listen to understand how writers can craft more compelling material for actors (and how they approach scripts)
More Info
In this episode, Chas and Stu are joined by a very special guest, SARAH SNOOK - star of Succession, Predestination, Jessabelle, and Oddball, amongst many others - to discuss ACTING and it’s relationship with WRITING…


DZ-13: True That - Tips from Tarantino

What is it about Tarantino's *writing* that elevates his work?
AIUnderstanding what drives Tarantino’s characters--and what they’re concealing--becomes central to understanding how his scripts generate their particular dramatic irony.
⏱ 1h 25m
5 OCT 2014
Listen to steal Tarantino's technique for planting details that detonate as payoffs three scenes later.
More Info

DZ-11: Adventure for the MacGuffin!

Is the MacGuffin truly interchangable, and how does it impact on your character writing?
AIBrad Johnson and the hosts demonstrate that what the protagonist wants--the MacGuffin itself--directly shapes whether an action-adventure film succeeds or fails at the character level.
⏱ 1h 49m
30 JUL 2014
Listen to discover why the MacGuffin's emotional weight--not its function--determines whether your audience cares enough to follow the entire adventure.
More Info
Stu and Chas are joined by a special guest - Scriptmag contributor Brad Johnson - to discuss how the choice of the MacGuffin can impact on the quality of an action/adventure film. To test this thesis, our heroes compare the auspicious originals of two iconic franchise with their, um, less-than-auspicious 4th instalments (in other words we compare RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK with KINGDOM OF THE CRYSTAL SKULL and THE CURSE OF THE BLACK PEARL with ON STRANGER TIDES) as well as look at two recent & original entries into the genre, namely NATIONAL TREASURE and PRINCE OF PERSIA…


DZ-6: Key Scenes and Unlocking the Story

Can one scene be the key to unlocking the whole story?
AIStephen’s observation hinges on having your characters figured out first, meaning their motivations must be clear enough that they’ll naturally reveal your story’s architecture in a single scene.
⏱ 1h 18m
11 MAY 2014
Listen if you want to understand how a single key scene between protagonist and antagonist can unlock the entire structure of your story!
More Info

DZ-125: Oscars One-shot - BLUE MOON

What craft tools make a low-budget, contained, period drama riveting?
AIMel and Chas examine how Larry’s motivations remain deliberately ambiguous--whether he’s genuinely trying to reconcile with Rogers or unconsciously sabotaging himself, whether the party is born of connection or performance--and how this moral complexity keeps him from being a simple tragic figure.
⏱ 1h 18m
26 FEB 2026
Listen if you want to understand how narrative POV, screenplay format, and dialogue craft can elevate a contained biopic into an Oscar-nominated film
More Info
BLUE MOON is a talky, period-drama that film about an obscure songer-writer in the 1940s. Yet, it attracted world-class talent AND Academy Award nominations, including for it’s script. Join Chas & Mel as they explore how narrative POV, interweaving relationships, hooky dialogue, and even the screenplay format itself make the script for BLUE MOON so great…


DZ-121: Escalating Antagonism in SINNERS

How do the antagonistic forces in your story escalate distinctly from the protagonists' journey?
AIRather than mapping motivation to a single protagonist arc, Kim highlights how Sinners’ characters each choose from survive, solve, or save in response to the same antagonistic escalation--giving you multiple engines for character decision within one story.
⏱ 1h 24m
29 AUG 2025
Listen to strengthen your story by focusing on the antagonistic forces in your script.
More Info
We often struggle to develop the middle stages of a story. Could this be because we focus on our protagonists’ journeys and plot structure more than on how the antagonistic powers are awakened, wronged, discovered, gathering strength and revealing themselves…


DZ-108: The Emotional Event with Judith Weston

How and why should every scene have an emotional event?
AIUnderstanding what characters actually want entering a scene--not what the plot requires them to do--becomes the writing tool Judith emphasizes for generating authentic emotional events.
⏱ 1h 37m
31 MAR 2024
Listen to understand why a scene's power lives in what shifts between characters, not what happens to them.
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DZ-91: Raising (different kinds of) Stakes

How can you keep your audience hooked when they know the end of the story?
AIIn biopics where the ending is known, Stu and Chas examine what drives characters forward moment-to-moment, separating the what-happens from the why-it-matters.
⏱ 2h 19m
31 AUG 2022
Listen listen if you're writing a biopic or any story where the audience already knows how it ends.
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Chas, Stu and Mel take a deep dive into stakes, using then lens of biopics to help us think about them. If an audience already knows the “plot” outcome of a story, then how do you create stakes to make a story tense for the audience…


DZ-71: Treatments & Loglines - Development Tools 1

How can I develop my plot before writing the screenplay?
AICharacter documents are identified as part of the pre-screenplay toolkit, meaning motivation work happens within these short-form development pieces.
⏱ 1h 26m
1 SEP 2020
Listen to understand why a treatment isn't something to dread, but the plot-development tool that saves you months of writing.
More Info
Stu and Chas are joined by fan-favourite, Stephen Cleary, to NOT look at what makes great screenplays work -- but what makes great “short documents” work. We draw on Stephen Cleary’s wealth of experience in developing work with writers, as a producer, as a script editor and as a former head of development…

DZ-48: One-Shot - Blade Runner 2049 - Agency vs Choice

Can your characters be given choices and yet still be deprived of agency?
AIThe episode uses the framework of choice and agency to interrogate whether characters in Blade Runner 2049 are actually motivated toward their decisions or merely executing predetermined outcomes.
⏱ 1h 53m
28 FEB 2018
Listen to discover how characters can be dramatised through binary choices (and understand the difference between choice and agency).
More Info
To kick off 2018, Chas and Stu take a deep dive into one of their favourite movies of 2017: Blade Runner 2049. However, they abstained from “Fox News-ing this shit” by being joined by the most accomplished screenwriter they know, C.S. McMullen (Blood List 2017, Black List 2017, also a lover of Blade Runner 2049)…


DZ-35: Driving Characters or Character Driven?

How can films maintain audience interest without stakes or plot questions?
AIUnderstanding why a character makes the choices they do becomes the organizing principle of these narratives, replacing plot mechanics with psychological and behavioral clarity.
⏱ 1h 20m
6 OCT 2016
Listen if you're writing a character study and unsure how to build momentum without external conflict.
More Info
Continuing their focus on “character”, Stuart and Chas take a close look at films that may be considered character-driven... or rather character studies... or just plot-lite films? Whatever you call them, these films — CHEF, HAPPY-GO-LUCKY, and AMOUR — let their plots take a back seat to a closer examination of their characters. Stuart and Chas dive in to investigate how, without plot driving the story forward, do these films maintain our interest? We talk Mike Leigh’s idea of the ‘Running Condition’, Character Choice, SceneWork and the myriad other techniques the filmmakers use to keep us interested…


DZ-33: Protagonist vs Hero - Dawn of Character Function

How does splitting 'character functions' enhance theme?
AISplitting functions reveals how different characters want different things--the protagonist may want one outcome while the active character pursues another, creating richer motivational landscapes than a single character managing both.
⏱ 1h 58m
15 JUL 2016
Listen to see how splitting character functions across your cast sharpens what your story actually means.
More Info
We are often told that our ‘protagonist’ needs to be a active. That they need to be compelling. That they need to change. And - old faithful - that they need to be likeable. But after looking at MAD MAX: FURY ROAD, STAR TREK (2009), THE FIGHTER, and SICARIO, Chas and Stu learn that your primary character does not need to do all these things. In fact, they learn that splitting these functions between your primary characters can reinforce theme and create potential for different types of narratives…


DZ-19: Car-Crash Characters

How do you make unlikeable characters compelling to watch... in drama?
AIUnderstanding why asshole protagonists do what they do--their drives beneath the reprehensible surface--is essential to making them narratively compelling rather than just narratively functional.
⏱ 1h 59m
1 MAR 2015
Listen when you're writing a protagonist who does terrible things but you need the audience to keep watching.
More Info
Stu and Chas revisit a topic from a year ago: how do screenwriters make unlikeable characters compelling? This time, we turn our focus to dramas and analyse how AMERICAN HISTORY X, YOUNG ADULT, NIGHTCRAWLER all make their asshole protagonists compelling to watch. We expand our original list of five writer’s tools to include a few more for your tool belt…


DZ-10: Midpoint Reversals and The Ride

How can the middle of your film pivot so much that it pulls the rug out of your audience?
AIExamining films like Prisoners and Short Term 12 alongside ALIEN reveals how a midpoint shift resets the protagonist’s motivation, forcing them to pursue a new or inverted goal.
⏱ 1h 19m
8 JUL 2014
Listen when your second act sags and you need a structural jolt to accelerate audience engagement.
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Stu and Chas embark on the first of a series of explorations into the dreaded Second Act. Their first stop is midpoint reversals or shifts, a plot point bang in the middle of ACT II that changes the protagonist’s goal, raises the stakes and potentially leaves your audience leaning forward and asking “How the hell is this going to end?&rdquo…


DZ-1: Do Screenplay Gurus win you Oscars?

Do Oscar-Nominated screenwriters follow the structural formulas prescribed by the 'gurus' and books?
AIStu and Chas examine Martin’s resistance to helping Philomena as a way to ‘build empathy’ and track how Ron’s self-interest gradually transforms into altruism across repeated cycles.
⏱ 1h 40m
1 MAR 2014
Listen if you want to know whether Blake Snyder, Michael Hauge and Christopher Vogler's structural theories actually apply to Academy Award-nominated screenplays
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Three of the most widely read structure books in screenwriting — Snyder’s Save the Cat, Vogler’s The Writer’s Journey, and Michael Hauge’s Six Stages — all make essentially the same claim: this is how great films are built. In our debut episode, we run that claim against two Oscar-nominated films to see if it holds: PHILOMENA and DALLAS BUYERS CLUB…